Subjunctive Mood

When do you use the subjunctive?

The biggest point-loser with the subjunctive isn't blanking on the conjugation — it's not knowing when it gets triggered: panicking and forcing the subjunctive the moment you see que, or having the forms memorized cold yet using the indicative after il faut que. The key: the subjunctive almost never depends on "tense," it depends on the signal word placed in front of it.

💡 Grab the intuition: subjunctive = subjective. Anything like "I want / I demand / although / so that" — content that isn't a fact yet, that exists only in the speaker's mind — takes the subjunctive; content stated as a fact (je pense que, j'espère que) takes the indicative.

The subjunctive is triggered along two independent dimensions — keeping them apart is the clearest way to remember it.

Dimension 1: trigger verbs / expressions (the WEIRDO mnemonic)

WEIRDO is a mnemonic built from the initials of six English words; it helps you remember which main-clause predicates trigger the subjunctive:

⚠️ The O in WEIRDO comes from Spanish (Ojalá, "if only") and has no French equivalent — remembering the first five letters is enough.

💡 In each example the green word is the verb that turns subjunctive after que — that's what's actually being tested.

Dimension 2: fixed conjunctions (they force the subjunctive on their own, regardless of subjectivity)

A set of conjunctions take the subjunctive whenever they appear, no matter whether the main clause is subjective:

bien que / quoique (although) · pour que / afin que (so that) · avant que (before) · jusqu'à ce que (until) · à condition que / pourvu que (provided that) · sans que (without) · à moins que (unless)

• Bien qu'il fasse froid, nous sortons. (Although it's cold, we're going out.)
• Je répète pour que tout le monde comprenne. (I'll repeat it so everyone understands.)
• Reste ici jusqu'à ce que je revienne. (Stay here until I come back.)

Counter-examples · no subjunctive: je pense que, je crois que, il est certain que, j'espère que (content stated as fact → indicative).

⚠️ A si ("if") clause takes no subjunctive either. si is neither one of the triggers above nor a member of the conjunction list — à condition que / pourvu que do take the subjunctive, but si, close as it sounds, does not: a condition clause states something real and possible → indicative.

• ✅ Si tu viens, on ira au cinéma. (If you come, we'll go to the cinema.) ❌ Never Si tu viennes
• A more hypothetical if isn't subjunctive either — only the tense changes: Si j'avais le temps, je viendrais. (full pairings: "Future and conditional")

Formation

Regular: the ils present-tense stem + endings

Common irregular subjunctives

Third-person only: falloir → qu'il faille, pleuvoir → qu'il pleuve.

Two common traps

⚠️ Trap 1: same subject → infinitive, not que + subjunctive

The subjunctive requires two different subjects in the main and subordinate clauses. When the subject is the same, use the infinitive:

• ✗ Je veux que je parte → ✓ Je veux partir. (I want to leave)
• ✗ Je suis content que je sois là → ✓ Je suis content d'être là.

Only "I want someone else to do something" uses que + subjunctive.

⚠️ Trap 2: look-alikes that split into two paths

The exam loves testing pairs of expressions that are close in meaning but split — one takes the indicative, one takes the subjunctive:

🔑 Same idea of "hoping / before and after," but state the content as a fact that has happened → indicative; as a subjective wish or something not yet realized → subjunctive. espérer and après que counter-intuitively take the indicative, and they're a major source of lost points.